Alps Alpine's Encoders

Whereas a potentiometer converts a change in mechanical position into an analog electrical signal, an encoder converts into a digital signal. Encoders, like potentiometers, are used as both position sensors and control devices in a wide range of electrical equipment. Here we explain encoders as they are employed as control devices.

For more on encoders (magnetic encoders) used as position sensors, go here.

Types of Encoder

Encoders come in various forms. Alps Alpine supplies contact-type rotary encoders.

Types of Encoder

Code Reading Methods

This section explains the different code reading methods by looking at the differences between the main encoder categories – incremental output and absolute output.

Incremental Output

Absolute Output

Incremental Output
Absolute Output

Whereas incremental encoders are rotated in a continuous motion, absolute encoders are used like a rotary switch to change the position of a control dial.

Encoder Series with Absolute Output

Encoder Series with Absolute Output

Basic Electrical Characteristics of Encoders

Here we explain the basic electrical characteristics of contact-type rotary encoders.

Pulse:

One pulse is one cycle from On to On.

Resolution:

The number of pulses per revolution

Phase difference:

The time lag between rises (or falls) of signal A and signal B pulses

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Chattering:

Short, quick oscillations between On and Off at the On–Off switching position, caused by a step or burrs between conducting and insulating materials.

Bounce:
(sliding noise)

Momentary Off output occurring during the On state.

Sliding noise:

Slight On output occurring during the Off state.

Pulse

Switching characteristics:

Threshold voltages are set to reduce the effects of the aforementioned chattering, bounce and sliding noise.

Chattering, liding noise

Types of Encoder Supplied by Alps Alpine

Besides the above incremental and absolute output signals, Alps Alpine encoders, like rotary potentiometers, have variations in shaft type and dimensions.

Types of Encoder

Structure of Alps Alpine Encoders

The following are typical encoder structures. An excellent feel can be achieved through torque and detents by optimizing flat springs and other parts.

Structure of Encoders

For more information, visit the Product Basics section of our website.

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